[청랑 킬러문항] 2025 수능 영어 빈칸 문제 #20

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지문)

Incentives are widely believed to enhance performance, especially in educational and organizational settings. While rewards can sharpen focus and increase effort, their effects are not uniform across all types of cognitive tasks. In a series of experiments, researchers examined how incentives affect two distinct processes: discovering complex rules and applying known ones.Participants were asked to classify shapes based on hidden rules that varied in complexity. Some received high rewards for correct answers, others received low or no rewards. Surprisingly, larger incentives did not improve performance in discovering novel or complex rules. Participants with high incentives performed no better than those with none, suggesting that reward-driven motivation may not foster the kind of divergent thinking or cognitive exploration required for insight.However, when the rules were explicitly taught, the same incentives led to significant gains in performance. Participants in the high-reward group applied rules more quickly and accurately. The findings suggest that incentives function more effectively when the task involves execution rather than exploration. This distinction reveals a deeper truth about motivation and cognition: ______________________________. Rewards may sharpen compliance, but they rarely spark innovation.

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Vocabulary

incentive	동기, 보상	/ɪnˈsentɪv/
divergent thinking	확산적 사고	/daɪˈvɜːrdʒənt ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/
compliance	순응, 따름	/kəmˈplaɪəns/
insight	통찰력	/ˈɪnsaɪt/
foster	촉진하다, 조장하다	/ˈfɒstər/

 

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문제) Which of the following best completes the blank?

① motivation must match the nature of the cognitive demand
② exploration always outperforms rule-following
③ higher incentives enhance performance in all tasks
④ creativity is best developed through repetition and routine
⑤ rules are more easily discovered when rewards are removed

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[청랑 킬러문항] 2025 수능 영어 빈칸 문제 #19